Инверсия положения обстоятельства как литературный приём /NEVER, RARELY, IN / UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES, IN NO WAY, NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO, LITTLE etc.These structures are used mainly in formal or literary language for rhetorical effect. Следующие конструкции с выносом обстоятельства в начало предложения используются в основном в официальном или литературном языке для эффекта красноречия (в скобках дано обычное положение обстоятельства): Never (before) have we faced such a challenge! (= We have never faced such a challenge!) Rarely did she understand what the conversation was about. (= She rarely understood what the conversation was about.) Little did Peggy know where Al had gone. (= Peggy didn’t know at all where Al had gone.) Under no circumstances are you allowed to disturb the pilots. (= You are not allowed to disturb the pilots under any circumstances. / You are allowed to disturb the pilots under no circumstances.) On no condition will the company bear responsibility for lost property. (= The company will bear responsibility for lost property on no condition. / The company will not bear responsibility for lost property on any condition.) Not only did he exceed the speed limit, but he had also consumed alcohol. (= He not only exceeded the speed limit but he had also consumed alcohol.) Not only did he exceed the speed limit, but he had consumed alcohol too. (= He not only exceeded the speed limit but he had consumed alcohol too.)Not only were you late, but you didn’t even have a good excuse. (= You were not only late, but you didn’t have a good excuse either.) Вы не только опоздали, но даже не придумали подходящего оправдания.
Следующие инверсии обстоятельств используются скорее в разговорном (а не только в официальном) языке. Они подчёркивают, что в прошлом одно событие быстро следовало за другим. Обычно при такой инверсии в придаточном используется прошедшее совершенное время. Однако с no sooner … than может использоваться и простое прошедшее Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang. (= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.) Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep. (= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.) Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack. (= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.) No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt. (= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.) No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt. (= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.) It may be difficult to memorise when it is when and when it is than. If so, remember that sooner is the comparative form of soon and in comparisons we use than. This type of inversion is basically a comparison. Порой бывает трудно запомнить, когда ставить when , а когда - than. Если трудно, запомните, что sooner - это сравнительная степень для soon, а со сравнительной степенью используют than (=чем : быстрее, чем..) No sooner had I opened one doll than I found another one nested in it.Едва я открыл одну матрёшку, как увидел внутри другую |